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Impact of trips on the availability of medicines in the developing countries a human right perspectives (Record no. 216730)

MARC details
000 -LEADER
fixed length control field 04429nam a2200157Ia 4500
005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION
control field 20260209120122.0
008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION
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100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME
Personal name Harpreet Kaur Dyhia
245 #0 - TITLE STATEMENT
Title Impact of trips on the availability of medicines in the developing countries a human right perspectives
260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC.
Place of publication, distribution, etc. BangaloreBangalore
Name of publisher, distributor, etc. NLSIU
Date of publication, distribution, etc. 2003
300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Extent 142 p. ; 25 cm.
505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE
Formatted contents note TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY; 1. INTRODUCTION; I. Context: Discussing the Problem; II. Rules of Treaty Interpretation (Vienna Convention); • General Rule of Interpretation; • Supplementary Means of Interpretation; III. TRIPs Agreement and Vienna Convention; • Article 1: Nature and Scope of TRIPs Agreement; • Article 8: Principles; • Article 27: Patentable Subject Matter; • Article 30: Exceptions to Rights Conferred by Patents; • Article 31: Other Use Without Authorisation of the Right Holder (compulsory Licensing); • Article 40: Controlling Anti-competitive practices; IV. Conclusion; 2. BACKDROP: HUMAN RIGHT TO HEALTH AND TRIPS AGREEMENT; Introduction; I. Trade-Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights; II. The Right to Health; • UDHR; • ICCPR; • ICESCR; • Content of Right to Health; ~ Nature of States' obligations; ~ The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health; III. Right to Health and Obligation of the State Parties under the Covenant; IV. South African Experience; V. Doha Declaration and Public Health; VI. Conclusion; 3. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: HOW IT AFFECTS THE COST OF MEDICINES; I. Introduction; II. Patents: An Overview; III. Possible Options Available within TRIPs Agreement; 1. Compulsory Licensing; 0 Who Can Be issued A Compulsory Licence; • "Working of the Patents" as a Ground for Compulsory Licensing • National Emergency as a Ground for Issuing Compulsory Licence; 2. Parallel Imports; 0 Advantages and Disadvantages of Parallel Imports; 3. The Bolar Exemption 0 Origination of the "Bolar Exemption"; 0 "Bolar" Exemption under the TRIPs Agreement; IV. The Pharmaceutical Industry; I 0 Arguments favouring patents; 0 Superfluous Earnings in the Pharmaceutical Industry; 0 Innovation Deficit in the Pharmaceutical Industry; V. The Human Rights Responsibilities of Big Pharma; VI. Conclusion; 4. EXPLOITING VIABLE APPROACHES WITHIN TRIPS FOR HEALTH PURPOSES; I. Introduction; Utilizing TRIPs Flexibilities for Public Health Purposes; II. Constraints on Implementing TRIPs Flexibility in National Laws of Developing Countries; A. Lack of Technical Expertise to Incorporate and Implement TRIPS Flexibilities in National Law and Policy; B. Insufficient Domestic Research and Manufacturing Capacities in the Pharmaceutical Sector; C. Insufficient Technical and Infrastructural Capacities for Medicines Regulation; D. Difficulties in Establishing Efficient Pharmaceutical Management and Procurement Systems; E. Bilateral and other TRIPS-plus Pressures; F. Difficulties in Tackling Anti-Competitive Practices and Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights; III. Overcoming Constraints; Relevant Regional Framework; a. Developing Local Technical Expertise on the Use of TRIPS Flexibilities; 1. FIRST APPROACH: The Andean Community's Approach; (a) Compulsory licensing; (b) Parallel imports and exhaustion of rights; (c) Research and the early working exceptions; (d) Test data protection; 11. SECOND APPROACH: African Approach; (a) African Organization for Intellectual Property; (b) African Regional Intellectual Property Organization; b. Addressing the Problem of Insufficient Research and Manufacturing Capacities in the Pharmaceutical Sector; c. Developing Technical and Infrastructural Capabilities for Medicines Regulation; d. Establishing Efficient Pharmaceutical Management and Procurement Systems; e. Resisting Bilateral and other TRIPS-plus Pressures; f. Regional Competition Enforcement Mechanisms; Conclusion; 5. INDIAN SCENARIO: HEALTH V. NEW PATENT REGIME; I. Introduction; II. Health Expenditure in India: The Lowest in the World; III. New Patent Regime in India: Challenges and Compulsions; IV. TRIPs Compliant Legislation; V. Conclusion; 6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS; BIBLIOGRAPHY; ANNEXURES.
650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM
Topical term or geographic name entry element Health Expenditure - India Human Rights to Health Pharmaceutical Industry - Parallel Import
700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME
Personal name Prof. Syed Ashfaq Hussain - GuideProf. Syed Ashfaq Hussain - Guide
856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS
Uniform Resource Identifier <a href="https://dans.nls.ac.in/handle/123456789/1312">https://dans.nls.ac.in/handle/123456789/1312</a>
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        NLS NLS 09/02/2026   LLM094 09/02/2026 09/02/2026 Dissertation