

| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 04429nam a2200157Ia 4500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20260209120122.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 260209s9999||||xx |||||||||||||| ||und|| |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Harpreet Kaur Dyhia |
| 245 #0 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Impact of trips on the availability of medicines in the developing countries a human right perspectives |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. | BangaloreBangalore |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. | NLSIU |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2003 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 142 p. ; 25 cm. |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY; 1. INTRODUCTION; I. Context: Discussing the Problem; II. Rules of Treaty Interpretation (Vienna Convention); • General Rule of Interpretation; • Supplementary Means of Interpretation; III. TRIPs Agreement and Vienna Convention; • Article 1: Nature and Scope of TRIPs Agreement; • Article 8: Principles; • Article 27: Patentable Subject Matter; • Article 30: Exceptions to Rights Conferred by Patents; • Article 31: Other Use Without Authorisation of the Right Holder (compulsory Licensing); • Article 40: Controlling Anti-competitive practices; IV. Conclusion; 2. BACKDROP: HUMAN RIGHT TO HEALTH AND TRIPS AGREEMENT; Introduction; I. Trade-Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights; II. The Right to Health; • UDHR; • ICCPR; • ICESCR; • Content of Right to Health; ~ Nature of States' obligations; ~ The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health; III. Right to Health and Obligation of the State Parties under the Covenant; IV. South African Experience; V. Doha Declaration and Public Health; VI. Conclusion; 3. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: HOW IT AFFECTS THE COST OF MEDICINES; I. Introduction; II. Patents: An Overview; III. Possible Options Available within TRIPs Agreement; 1. Compulsory Licensing; 0 Who Can Be issued A Compulsory Licence; • "Working of the Patents" as a Ground for Compulsory Licensing • National Emergency as a Ground for Issuing Compulsory Licence; 2. Parallel Imports; 0 Advantages and Disadvantages of Parallel Imports; 3. The Bolar Exemption 0 Origination of the "Bolar Exemption"; 0 "Bolar" Exemption under the TRIPs Agreement; IV. The Pharmaceutical Industry; I 0 Arguments favouring patents; 0 Superfluous Earnings in the Pharmaceutical Industry; 0 Innovation Deficit in the Pharmaceutical Industry; V. The Human Rights Responsibilities of Big Pharma; VI. Conclusion; 4. EXPLOITING VIABLE APPROACHES WITHIN TRIPS FOR HEALTH PURPOSES; I. Introduction; Utilizing TRIPs Flexibilities for Public Health Purposes; II. Constraints on Implementing TRIPs Flexibility in National Laws of Developing Countries; A. Lack of Technical Expertise to Incorporate and Implement TRIPS Flexibilities in National Law and Policy; B. Insufficient Domestic Research and Manufacturing Capacities in the Pharmaceutical Sector; C. Insufficient Technical and Infrastructural Capacities for Medicines Regulation; D. Difficulties in Establishing Efficient Pharmaceutical Management and Procurement Systems; E. Bilateral and other TRIPS-plus Pressures; F. Difficulties in Tackling Anti-Competitive Practices and Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights; III. Overcoming Constraints; Relevant Regional Framework; a. Developing Local Technical Expertise on the Use of TRIPS Flexibilities; 1. FIRST APPROACH: The Andean Community's Approach; (a) Compulsory licensing; (b) Parallel imports and exhaustion of rights; (c) Research and the early working exceptions; (d) Test data protection; 11. SECOND APPROACH: African Approach; (a) African Organization for Intellectual Property; (b) African Regional Intellectual Property Organization; b. Addressing the Problem of Insufficient Research and Manufacturing Capacities in the Pharmaceutical Sector; c. Developing Technical and Infrastructural Capabilities for Medicines Regulation; d. Establishing Efficient Pharmaceutical Management and Procurement Systems; e. Resisting Bilateral and other TRIPS-plus Pressures; f. Regional Competition Enforcement Mechanisms; Conclusion; 5. INDIAN SCENARIO: HEALTH V. NEW PATENT REGIME; I. Introduction; II. Health Expenditure in India: The Lowest in the World; III. New Patent Regime in India: Challenges and Compulsions; IV. TRIPs Compliant Legislation; V. Conclusion; 6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS; BIBLIOGRAPHY; ANNEXURES. |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name entry element | Health Expenditure - India Human Rights to Health Pharmaceutical Industry - Parallel Import |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Prof. Syed Ashfaq Hussain - GuideProf. Syed Ashfaq Hussain - Guide |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://dans.nls.ac.in/handle/123456789/1312">https://dans.nls.ac.in/handle/123456789/1312</a> |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Damaged status | Not for loan | Home library | Current library | Date acquired | Total Checkouts | Barcode | Date last seen | Price effective from | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NLS | NLS | 09/02/2026 | LLM094 | 09/02/2026 | 09/02/2026 | Dissertation |