CONTENTS
APPRECIATION OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES
I Selected Basic Principles:
l. General
2. Relevance
3. Best Evidence
4. Negative Evidence
5. Evidence to be weighed not counted
6. Inferences
7. Presumptions
(i) General
(ii) Section 113A & Section 1138 of Evidence Act
(iii) Section ll4; ll4A, of Evidence Act
(iv) Robbery and Murder
II Types of Evidence:
1 Subsantive Evidence
2. Circumsantial Evidence
3. Corrobomtive & Contradictory Evidence
III Burden and Standard of Proof :
l. Standard of Proof
2. Burden of Proof
3. Sections 101-106 of the Evidence Act
IV Selected Issues in Appreciation of Evidence :
1. General Guidelines
2. Circumsantial Evidence
(i) General
(ii) Primary Facts
(iii) Last Seen Alive
(iv) Absconding and Conduct of Accused
3. Corroboration
(i) Crux of the Rule of Corroboration
(ii) Extent and Nature of Corroboration
(iii) Appreciation of Corroborative Evidence
(iv) Corroboration - Accomplice
(v) Identification Evidence
4. Prosecutrix in a Rape Case
5. Police Trap Case
V. Evaluation of Oral Testimony :
1. General Guidelines
2. Credibility of Witnesses
3. Demeanour of Witnesses
4. Discrepancies
5. Accepting and Rejecting Evidence in Part
6. Number of Witnesses
7. Visibility at Night
VI. Witnesses:
1. Eye Witness
2. Single Eye Witness
3. Interested Witnesses
4. Close Relatives
5. Faction
6. Profession, Caste, Party, Class
7. Chance Witnesses
8. Hostile Witness
9. Child Witness
10. Official Witness
VII. Expert Evidence:
1. Medical Evidence
2. Other Expert Evidence
VIII. Evidence- Defence Perspective :
1. Defence witnesses
2. Injuries to the Accused
3. Plea of Alibi
4. Error or Illegality or Defect in Investigation
5. Failure to Examine Investigating Officer
IX Statement:
1. (D General
(i0 Delay in filing FIS.
2. Delay in sending FIR
X Section 313
XI Motive
XII Motive of witnesses
XIII Dying Declaration
XIV Murder by Poisoning
XV Confession:
l. Confessions in General
2. Extra Judicial Confession
3. Section 27, Evidence Act
APPENDIX - I. Information Technology Act 2000
APPENDIX - II 1. Some of The Changes Brought About by Acts 43 of 1983 and 4 of 2003.
APPENDIX- III
1. Super Imposition Procedure
2. Narco Analysis
3. D.N.A. Finger Printing (Profiling Typing)
4. Brain - Mapping