Modern politics and the mirror of nature -- Niccolò Machiavelli and the popular politics of expertise -- Power and publicity in modern science -- Consent and competence in representative government -- Liberal rationalism and government advisory committees -- Democratizing representation in science and politics -- Thomas Hobbes and the authorization of science -- John Dewey and the reconstruction of representation -- Bruno Latour and the symmetries of science and politics -- How science becomes political -- Elements of democratic representation -- Institutionalizing democratic representation.