Contents
Abstract vii;
Acknowledgement viii;
Abbreviations ix;
List of Illustations x;
List of Tables xi;
1. Introduction 1;
1.1. Literature Review 2;
1.1.1. Tracing Urbanisation in Bengaluru 2;
1.2. Water Supply and Demand in Bengaluru 4;
1.3. Water Quality 6;
1.4. Quantifying Water Scarcity 8;
1.5. The Economics of Water Scarcity n Bengaluru 10;
1.6. Inequality and Water 12;
2. Problem Statement 15;
2.1. The Objective of the Study 15;
2.2. Research Questions 16;
3. Research Methodology 17;
3.1. Data Collection 17;
3.2. Research Question 1 :Methodology 18;
3.2.1. Water Poverty Index 18;
3.2.2. Water Availability Index 20;
3.2.3. Sources of Data 20;
3.3. Research Question 2 :Methodology 21;
3.3.1. Sources of Data 21;
3.4. Research Question 3 : Methodology 24 21;
3.4.1. Measure of Inequality and Water Scarcity 21;
3.4.2. Sources of Data 21;
4. Water and Geo-Climatic Features of Bengaluru 22;
4.1. Climatic Features 22;
4.2. Geological Features 23;
4.2.1. Rocks 23;
4.2.2. Significance 24;
4.2.3. Soils 24;
4.2.4. Significance 25;
4.2.5. Aquifer System 25;
4.3. Geomorphology and Drainage Characteristics 26;
5. Quantification of Water Supply for City of Bengaluru 28;
5.1. BWSSB Supply 28;
5.2. Groundwater Scenario in Bengaluru 29;
5.2.1. Status of Groundwater Level Monitoring 31;
5.3. Methods of Water Scarcity Calculation 32;
5.3.1. Water Poverty Index 35;
5.3.2. Water Availability Index 35;
5.4. Analysis 36;
5.5. Inference 5.5;
5.5.1. Population trends of the city and estimated Demand Rise 39;
5.5.2. Groundwater Scenario 41;
5.5.3. Rainfall and Bengaluru 42;
5.5.4. Cauvery and Rising Concerns 43;
5.6. Conclusion 44;
6. The Economics of Water Scarcity in Bengaluru 45;
6.1. History of Water Supply in the City 46;
6.2. Bengaluru Water Supply and Sewerage Board 48;
6.3. Demand and Supply Gap of BWSSB 50;
6.4. Analysis 51;
6.4.1. The Tariff Structure in Bengaluru 52;
6.4.2. Cost Calculation for Water Supply 54;
6.4.3. The Subsidisation of Water Supply in Bengaluru 55;
6.4.4. Inference 56;
6.5. Willingness to Pay Survey 57;
6.6. Inference 58;
6.7. Conclusion 58;
7. TheSocio-Economic Inequality and Water 59;
7.1. Socio Economic Inequality and Water in Bengaluru 62;
7.2. Water Supply in Areas with No Metered;
Connection in Bengaluru 63;
7.2.1. Slums of Bengaluru 64;
7.2.2. The Private Water Supply 65;
7.3. Conclusion 65;
8. Recommendations 66;
8.1. Physical Wat er Scarcity 67;
8.2. Economic Water Scarcity 68;
8.3. Social Water Scarcity 69;
9. Bibliography 70;
Appendix;
1. The Reply to RTI Regarding the Status of DWLR 73;
2. Field Visits and Interactions with Officials, Researchers and Other Stakeholders 73;
3. Interview Questions with BWSSB Official (Interview 1) 75;
4. Interview Questions with BWSSB Official (Interview 2) 76;
5. Willingness to Pay Survey for Water Questionnaire 77;
6. References for WAI Calculation 81;
7. Calculation of subsidy for the consumer at different consumption levels 82;