TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapters I. Introduction; Research Design; The Hypothesis; Methodology; Scope and limitation; Acknowledgement of Sources; The Researchable Questions; Chapterisation; II. Biotechnology and Patents; Introduction; Concepts; Patents; Criteria's of Patentability; Need for Biotech Patents; III. Patenting of Life Forms; Introduction; Patentability of living organisms; TRIPS; Patenting of Micro-organisms; Patentability of Plants; Patentability of Animals; Scope of protection in India; IV. Patentability of Human Beings or Their Parts; Introduction; Patentability of the Parts of Human body under TRIPS; 1. Human Genes; Human Genome Project; ESTs; In US; In EU; Trilateral Project B3b In India; 2. Human Organs/ Parts; In US; In EU; 3. Human Clones/ Embryos; In US; In EU; 4. Sub-human Beings; Benefits from the human-animal chimeras; Patentability of Sub-human beings; In US; In EU; Scope of protection in India; Property Rights over the Organs / body parts; V. Human Rights & Patenting of Human Materials; 1. Human rights and human dignity; 2. Rights to protection of intellectual property; 3. Rights to health and to benefit from scientific progress; 4. Research subjects, informed consent & self-determination; 5. Privacy and protection from discrimination; 6. Individual autonomy; Conclusion; Suggestions; Bibliography; Books; Articles; Papers; Websites; Lists of cases