000			05266nam a2200241Ia 4500
999			_c22913 _d22913
003			OSt
005			20210824143307.0
008			160316s2004 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a8171884601
020			_a9788171884605
040			_cnls
082			_a338.900000 _bWOR
100			_a
245			_aWorld economic and social survey 2004 : International migration
260			_aNew York _bUnited Nations _c2004
300			_a240p _cxxx
365			_b Rs.695
505			_aContents: Preface iii; Overview v; Contents xxv; Explanatory Notes xxx; International Migration I. Migration during 1820-1920, the First Global Century 3; Introduction 3; The economic context of mass migration in the nineteenth century 4; Industrialization and the demand for raw materials . 4; The transport revolution and the convergence of prices 6; Greater Atlantic migration during the first global century 7; The migration boom 7; Economic aspects of transatlantic migration 10; Policy and the demise of the North-North mass migration . 13; South-South migration in the periphery . 16; Government and private assisted migration in the periphery 16; Wage gaps and costs of moving in the nineteenth century periphery 17; The end of assisted migration in the periphery . 20; Conclusions . 21; II. International migration trends 23; Global trends since 1960 24; Distribution of international migrants at the country level 28; An analysis of net migration . 32; The traditional countries of immigration 38; International migration in Europe 41; Bases for admission and characteristics of migrants in developed countries 47; Labour migration in Asia 52; International migration in Africa . 55; International migration in Latin America and the Caribbean . 57; International migration in the future . 60; Conclusions . 66; III. International migration policies 69; Historical trends in immigration policies 71; Countries of permanent migration 71; Labour recruitment states 72; Current trends in immigration policies 75; Overall immigration levels . 75; Skilled worker migration 75; Low-skilled migration 79; Family reunification 79; Integration of non-nationals 81; Undocumented migration 82; Regional and subregional harmonization 84; Migration and trade 85; Changing approaches to migration since September 2001 86 ; Emigration Policies . 87; Conclusions . 93; IV. Economic impacts of international migration 95; Impacts on home countries 97; Emigration 97; Remittances 102; Impacts on host countries 111; Impact on the labour market 111; Fiscal effects of immigration 120; Conclusions . 122; V. Temporary migration and its relation to trade in services 127; Trends in temporary migration 128; International regime for the temporary movement of natural persons in the services sector or the temporary movement of service suppliers . 131; Mode 4 under the General Agreement on Trade in Services 131; Current utilization of the channel provided by Mode 4 . 133; Enhancing temporary movement under Mode 4 . 136; Outsourcing: an alternative way of taking advantage of wage differentials 138; Conclusions . 139; Annex: Status of negotiations in the World Trade Organization on Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services . 143; VI. Social dimensions of international mobility . 151; Social networks of migration 151 Kin and kith networks 151 Hometown associations 152 Integration of migrants in host societies 153 Education and language skills . 153 Jobs and sufficient income 154 Legal status and participation in civil and political life . 157 Access to social protection and health care 159 Family reunification 160 Effects on the social fabric of societies and public perceptions . 160 Effects on home countries . 160 Effects on host countries 161 Public perceptions . 162 Conclusions . 164 VII. Levels and trends in international displacement . 167 Historical background 167 Trends in refugee flows over the past decade 171 Refugee population 171 Durable solutions 175 Refugee outflows 178 Conclusions . 179 Asylum trends in industrialized countries 180 Asylum flows by country of asylum . 181 Origin of asylum-seekers 183 Admission of refugees . 184 International cooperation 185 Recent developments 185; Improving data collection 186; VIII. International cooperation for migration management 189; Bilateral approach 190; Regional approach 192; European Union 192; Regional initiatives in the context of economic integration 193; Regional intergovernmental organizations 194; Regional consultative processes 196; International approach 199; Role of the United Nations system 199; Role of intergovernmental organizations outside the United Nations system 207; Conclusions 208; Annex: Current status of the collection of international migration statistics 211; Bibliography 219.
650			_a1. Economic Development - World - 1998 - A Survey2. World Economy - 1998 - A Survey
700			_a _a
856			_uhttps://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wess/wess_archive/2004wess_part2_eng.pdf
942			_2ddc _cBK